What is Plagiarism ?

I found this article from UNSW-learning centre. To my students who are going to start and design their final research this year, you need to read this carefully !

Plagiarism is using the words or ideas of others and presenting them as your own. Plagiarism is a
type of intellectual theft. It can take many forms, from deliberate cheating to accidentally copying from
a source without acknowledgement.

Whenever you use the words or ideas of another person in your work, you must acknowledge where
they came from. You can avoid plagiarism by following the suggestions outlined in this guide.

Common Form of plagiarism :

• Downloading an assignment from an online source and submitting it as your own work.

• Buying, stealing or borrowing an assignment and submitting it as your own work.

• Copying, cutting and pasting text from an electronic source and submitting it as your own work.

• Using the words of someone else and presenting them as your own.

Copying a section of a book or an article and submitting it as your own work (that is, without acknowledgement) is plagiarism.

• Using significant ideas from someone else and presenting them as your own

• Copying the written expressions of someone else without proper acknowledgment.

Quoting from a source ‘word for word’, without using quotation marks is plagiarism. Lifting sentences or
paragraphs from someone else, even with proper acknowledgment, gives the impression that the idea or
information comes from the source cited, but that the phrasing, the choice of words to express it, is your own contribution

• Relying too much on other people’s material

Introduction to the risk based design of safety instrumented systems for the process industry

Ada artikel bagus….saya kutip saja, detilnya ada di :http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=/iel5/8741/27684/01234975.pdf?arnumber=1234975

Introduction to the risk based design of safety instrumented systems for the process industry
(Wiegerinck, J.A.M.)

Summary: This paper introduces issues related to the design of safety-instrumented systems (SIS) using a risk-based approach. The paper does not aspire to give an exhaustive guidance to actually designing such systems. The design and realisation of safety systems is a highly specialised skill, this paper only aims to introduce the various concepts and terminologies to the reader. Ever since the IEC 61508 was being drafted, the risk based design as opposed to deterministic designs, is becoming more and more accepted. Since the publication of ISA/ANSI SP84.01 and later IEC 61508, authorities started to require compliance or at least regard compliance as the best practice to compliance with authority regulations with regards to the design and maintenance of safety systems that use instruments to perform the functions, e.g., OSHA regards ISA/ANSI SP84.01 as the benchmark for compliance to their 29 CPR 1910.119. Authorities in Europe regard compliance to IEC 61508/61511 as benchmark for compliance to the Seveso 2 directive. Risk based design of safety instrumented systems (SIS) aims to establish the risk reduction that the SIS is to provide to arrive at an acceptable or at least tolerable remaining risk. If the risk without the SIS is already acceptable, no SIS would be required. If the initial risk without SIS is high, the risk reduction factor needs to be high and hence the integrity requirements for the SIS are high. This paper outlines how initial risks are established, how integrity requirements for SIS are defined and how those requirements are achieved both in the SIS design and in the life-cycle management.
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